How the Olympic Torch Works

Quite a lot of development and technology goes into the flame for the Olympic Torch. Heres a look at how the Olympic Torch works and the fuel used to produce the flame. Origin of the Olympic Torch The Olympic Torch represents Prometheus theft of fire from Zeus. In the original Greek Olympic Games, a fire ---  the Olympic Flame - was kept burning during the duration of the games. The tradition of the Olympic Flame made its way into the international games in the 1928 summer Olympic Games in Amsterdam. There was no torch relay in the original games, taking the flame from its source to wherever the games were being held. The Olympic Torch is a relatively new invention, introduced by Carl Diem at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Design of the Olympic Torch While the original Olympic Torch was simply an Olympic Flame that was kept burning throughout the original Greek Olympic Games, the modern torch is a sophisticated device that is used in a relay. The design of the torch changes and is customized for every set of Olympic Games. Recent torches use a double burner, with an outer bright flame and a small inner blue flame. The inner flame is protected such that if the torch is blown out by wind or rain, the small flame acts as a sort of pilot light, re-igniting the torch. A typical torch carries fuel sufficient to burn for about 15 minutes. Recent  games have utilized a  burning mixture of butane and polypropylene or propane. Fun Olympic Torch Facts Some early torches were fueled by olive oil.The runners in the 1956 torch relay carried a flaming block of hexamine and naphthalene, but a more dazzling display was desired for the entry into the Melbourne Olympic Stadium. The runner, Ron Clarke, carried a torch burning a mixture of magnesium and aluminum flakes (think thermite reaction or a giant sparkler). The torch dripped clumps of flaming metal onto the track and burned its carrier.The 2000 Olympic Games featured an underwater flare for a torch so that a diver could bear the flame across the Great Barrier Reef to the Sydney Games in Australia.Multiple torches are made for each set of Olympic Games. There were 22 torches for the 1952 games in Helsinki, 6,200 for the 1980 games in Moscow and 8,000 for the 2012 London Games. What Happens When the Torch Goes Out? Modern Olympic Torches are less likely to go out than their predecessors. The type of torch used for the 2012 Summer Olympic Games has been tested and found to function at temperatures from -5 °C to 40 °C, in rain and snow, at 95% humidity, and with wind gusts of up to 50 mph. The torch will remain lit when dropped from a height of at least three meters (the test height). Even so, the flame can go out! When this happens, the inner flame acts as a pilot light to reignite the fuel of the flame. Unless the torch is very wet, the flame should reignite easily.

The Peace Domestic Violence Agency - 1315 Words

The PEACE Domestic Violence Agency (PEACE) has a mission of reducing the victim trauma, empower the survivors, and lastly, promote the recovery of the victims in the city of Portland. PEACE does this through the use of the direct services by trying to reduce the incidence of sexual assault and domestic violence through education all while striving to challenge societal norms and beliefs that condone and perpetuate violence in the community. Part One: In this paper, a stakeholder is the key to the program, where their decision is affected by the actions and decisions that are made by the organization. Stakeholders take interests in various areas of the operations of any business, but having a well put together program plan will help make†¦show more content†¦Since funding is limited, not all agencies has the resources to hire internal and external evaluators (Yuen Terao, 2002, Chapter 8). Therefore, funding institutes may provide the necessary resources. As stated earlier, PEACE’s mission is to reduce victim trauma, empowering the survivors, and lastly providing direct services. The biggest part of the program is to reduce the number of sexual assaults, as well as of any domestic violence. The program through PEACE intends to achieve this by informing the community in the city of Portland about domestic violence victims and survivors. As far as the program, those in charge are focused on societal norms. PEACE look s to address the problems that are faced by the youth, spouses, and violence acted upon children in Portland. The PEACE Domestic Violence Agency will always keep the well-being of the victims as the first priority: young men, women, and children whose lives have been affected by domestic violence. This will be possible as long as funding is available. Funding is necessary when trying to raise awareness through educational program such as providing young people who are or have been involved with the criminal justice system with a rehabilitation program designed to obtain the skills, confidence, and personal support networks to enable them to lead fulfilled and successful lives. This is what is needed in order to reduce re-occurring domestic violence crimes. Through a rehabilitation

Psychological Interventions Of Dysfunction â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Psychological Interventions Of Dysfunction? Answer: Introducation Cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective form of treatment for depression and anxiety. It is assumed in CBT that the mood of a person is directly related to his thought patterns. Negative and dysfunctional thoughts have an effect on the persons mind, his sense of self, behavior and even on his physical state. This therapy has been found to be beneficial with regard to the treatment for depression. In this treatment, the patient and the psychologist have an understanding among themselves to work together and agree on the behavioral patterns that need to be changed (Chivers et al., 2017). The main aim in this kind of therapy is to recalibrate a part of the human brain that is putting a grasp on the happy thoughts. It is required for the patient to pay visit to his CBT therapist between five and twenty weekly or fortnightly sessions which can last longer to make sure that the patient is totally cured from his anxiety during the session. It is the most popular therapy used for anxiet y disorders or issues related to nervousness. Studies have shown that it is really beneficial for the panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder and general anxiety disorder and all other conditions. These wide ranges of mental health problems can be treated with CBT with the aim of helping people to be aware of when they make negative interpretations and behavioral patterns which results in deformed thinking (Cuijpers et al., 2014). CBT is considered as the most effective for psychological treatment in moderate and severe depression. It can be compared to the antidepressants for many kinds of depression. The CBT approach will be used in Gregs case because it will help him to become more rational. He will start believing in rational things instead of letting his feelings to control the brain. He will also learn how to have a control on his thinking power which will help him in being less nervous, anxious and stressed at critical situations. He will start believing himself in a different way, his self confidence will be redeemed. He will be able to calm down and relax which will lead to better outcomes (Frhauf et al., 2013). He will become successful in cracking the interviews and see himself in a better position in his career. CBT will be essential for Greg because it is the best effective treatments for conditions where anxiety and depression is the main issue. Greg as a client of CBT treatment will show more favorable outcomes in this approach. The treatment rationale is comparatively more complex and subtle process which was assumed earlier. The process involves expectation, control negotiation and assigning blame, the function might also vary depending on the stage of the treatment (Lader Malcolm, 2015). The CBT therapist will work with him to help him recover from his anxiety and nervous disorder and change his behavioral and thinking pattern. This will provide Greg with valuable perspective which will aid in improving his quality of life and he will be able to manage stress at the critical situations. It is Gregs own reactions to the different phenomenon that is within his control and that sums up by affecting the quality of life. The techniques used in this therapy is not meant for long term goals but focuses on helping the clients to meet their near future needs. One of the techniques used in this therapy is known as cognitive distortions. It is a defective way of thinking that is convinced to be real but does not exist in actual. Other techniques that are used in this therapy are- journaling, unraveling cognitive distortions, cognitive restructuring, exposure and response prevention, introceptive exposure, nightmare exposure and rescripting, playing the script till the end, progressive muscle relaxation or PMR and relaxed breathing (McHugh et al., 2013). The challenge that can be posed while working on this case is that he is hiding some information which will be required for his treatment. The psychologist can become more friendly in his next sessions so that he will disclose and personal issues that have occurred to him in his childhood. Other challenges of using this therapy includes that it is mechanistic and do not address all the concerns of the patient. It is said that the cognitive elements of CBT has failed to outperform a specific version of the treatment which contains more behavioral strategies. The knowledge is gained from a special research type that is known as the component analysis in which the elements are manipulated for experimenting. It is also a barrier as CBT lacks in creating a connection to cognitive psychology and neuroscience (Thompson-Hollands et al., 2014). The promoters of CBT have been reluctant in experimenting the investigation of putative mechanisms of CBT actions which failed to confirm the relation ship between dysfunctional attitudes and the treatment outcomes. All these mentioned challenges in the path of treatment will not permit the psychologist to have a proper cure for Gregs case. Moreover, Greg has also hidden some personal issues which might have occurred due to his gay character (Yehuda et al., 2015). The psychologist can try to become friendly with Greg or ask him directly about the reason for hiding his personal issues. Greg is a gentleman of 32 years who has willingly come to the psychologist because he wants to improve himself. So it is better if he can be convinced to share his persona; matter by himself instead of going for any other techniques. Greg has only mentioned about his father Terry (Weobong et al., 2017). The psychologist can ask him about his mother and other siblings and their behavior towards him. The behavior of the parents in the childhood of Greg can also make an impact in his adulthood. It can be assumed that he was neglected or looked down upon for being a gay. He might have been mocked for his sexuality by his siblings who might have forced him to leave the house. These possible questions can be answered only in the form of open communication from both the ends. Reference Chivers, M. L., Basson, R., Brotto, L. A., Graham, C. A., Stephenson, K. R. (2017). Statistical and epistemological issues in the evaluation of treatment efficacy of pharmaceutical, psychological, and combination treatments for women's sexual desire difficulties.Journal of sex marital therapy,43(3), 210-217. Cuijpers, P., Sijbrandij, M., Koole, S., Huibers, M., Berking, M., Andersson, G. (2014). Psychological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis.Clinical Psychology Review,34(2), 130-140. Frhauf, S., Gerger, H., Schmidt, H. M., Munder, T., Barth, J. (2013). Efficacy of psychological interventions for sexual dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of Sexual Behavior,42(6), 915-933. Lader, Malcolm. "Generalized anxiety disorder." InEncyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, pp. 699-702. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. McHugh, R. K., Whitton, S. W., Peckham, A. D., Welge, J. A., Otto, M. W. (2013). Patient preference for psychological vs. pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders: a meta-analytic review.The Journal of clinical psychiatry,74(6), 595. Thompson-Hollands, J., Edson, A., Tompson, M. C., Comer, J. S. (2014). Family involvement in the psychological treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder: A meta-analysis. Weobong, B., Weiss, H. A., McDaid, D., Singla, D. R., Hollon, S. D., Nadkarni, A., ... Dimidjian, S. (2017). Sustained effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Healthy Activity Programme, a brief psychological treatment for depression delivered by lay counsellors in primary care: 12-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.PLoS medicine,14(9), e1002385. Yehuda, R., Bierer, L. M., Pratchett, L. C., Lehrner, A., Koch, E. C., Van Manen, J. A., ... Hildebrandt, T. (2015). Cortisol augmentation of a psychological treatment for warfighters with posttraumatic stress disorder: Randomized trial showing improved treatment retention and outcome.Psychoneuroendocrinology,51, 589-597.