Essay for university admission: 2019

Monday, December 30, 2019

Homelessness And The Homeless Community - 1855 Words

We have all seen it before. The man sitting on the cold street possessing only a few rudimentary goods while begging for food or the woman holding her childÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s hand while asking for spare change. Some people saunter by these downtrodden individuals unconcerned, while others give them sympathetic looks and drop a few coins in their cups. We are aware of homelessness, almost too aware and yet we go on with our lives without further regard. Homelessness has become such an epidemic in the United States that it is normal and practically expected to be seen in our urban streets. Homelessness is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Having no home or permanent residence.Ã¢â‚¬ While that is true, there are many other dynamics that come into play with this social problem. Without proper housing, the homeless community is more susceptible to violence, disease, weather conditions, hunger and ultimately death. We all recognize homelessness but what can we do to help those in need? Having grown up less than an hour away from San Francisco, my family would make frequent trips to the city. In the city, encountering victims of homelessness is inevitable. In my younger years I could not help myself and would stare at these people which was usually followed by me asking my parents questions like, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why is that man sleeping on the ground?Ã¢â‚¬ . Though these questions were laced in innocence, they still hold significance today. Why is homelessness so prevalent and what are we doing as aShow MoreRelatedHomelessness And The Homeless Community Essay1822 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 8 PagesCHILDREN IN THE HOMELESS COMMUNITY 1 The Effects of Children in the Homeless Community Christina Sanchez Research Paper Hobo, beggar, and bum are just a few terms used in society today to describe the homeless community. Today, more and more individuals and families are becoming homeless and majority of them never imagined being homeless. This tragic event could happen to anyone. There is not a guide created to overcome the barriers of homelessness or a how to manualRead MoreThe Effects of Homelessness on Children1654 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesIndividuals who are homeless are faced with physical, emotional, and psychological challenges each day. It is common for people who are homeless to have had a life riddled with traumatic experiences like physical and mental abuse and drug use. Homelessness gained public attention in the late 1970s because homelessness became more visible when it began to include women and children. Today homelessness can be linked to various other problems. It is estimated that 200,000 thousand Canadians have livedRead MoreHomelessness : A Community Health Issue967 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pages One major community health issue that is prominent in society is homelessness. According to Canadian Observatory on Homelessness (2012), homelessness describes the situation of an individual or family who are unstable and cannot afford appropriate and permanent housing. They are unable to acquire suitable shelter due to possible reasons, such as financial issues, mental or physical challenges and discrimination. Most people do not choose to be homeless; however, when individuals are set to liveRead MoreHomeless Strategy Essay1295 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesHomeless Family Strategy: A Policy Evaluation Modern Public Administration Professor W. H. Roberts The case at hand addresses the crisis of homelessness in Seattle. Mayor Schell attempts to tackle the problem and makes a pledge to end the epidemic that he may or may not be able to keep. Specifically, the mayor pledges in June that by Christmas 1998 there will not be homeless women or children living on the streets of his cities (Electronic Hallway). This pledge garneredRead More Homes for the Homeless1436 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesHomelessness is a major health issue around the world that needs to be addressed. Many individuals in a community often misinterpret the cause of homelessness. Comments towards homeless people such as Ã¢â‚¬Å"get a jobÃ¢â‚¬ or Ã¢â‚¬Å"go to schoolÃ¢â‚¬ often are used freely by members of soci-ety because they fail to look at the comprehensive of this oppressing issue. Homelessness has a strong link to the determinants of health (DOH), most notably income and social status (Fingfeld, 2010). The article, Ã¢â‚¬Å"No FundingRead MoreA Sociological Perspecti ve On Homelessness1587 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesCurrently, the rates of homelessness in America continue to drastically increase. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (2012) depicted how many people are homeless in a single night in America. The findings revealed that there were approximately 633,782 people who are homeless in America or 20 out of every 10,000. Approximately 394,379 are single individuals and 239,403 are people in families with 77,157 homeless families in a single night, and approximately 162, 246 are childrenRead MoreEssay on Solving Homelessness1416 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesSolving Homelessness Nationwide homelessness is a growing epidemic across the country. There are many ways an individual can become homeless, for the most part it is poverty. There are also different concentrations of homeless in different types of environments, such as urban or suburban areas. Last, there is the ever-growing homeless population, and how much money it costs us for others to live in poverty. A way we can help find the solution to this problem, is to know the facts about this lingeringRead MoreHomelessness And Poverty And Homelessness1699 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagesludicrous. But, for homeless people across America, these circumstances are an ordinary part of life. (National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty 7) While a portion of todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s society turns a blind eye to the subject of the criminalization of homelessness, an even larger quantity of people are not aware of the situation that is happening in every major city of America. For those living an affluent lifestyle, it can be difficult to discuss the amount of poverty and homelessness that is constantlyRead MoreHomelessness : The Homeless Population Essay1703 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesHomelessness affects millions of people every year. Homelessness is an endless epidemic that continues to grow. There isnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t one specific causal factor to this every increasing population. Individuals experiencing homelessness come from various backgrounds and cultures physically, financially, and emotionally. They could be considered the melting pot for diversity. Often times individuals experiencing homeless are judged by their outer appearance with no regard for the contributing factors to theRead MoreHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness 1350 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesHomelessness There are many parts to the subject of homelessness, of course people talk about the solutions to it like The Ten Year Plan, then there is the history of it starting from the 1640Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s. Also there is discussions about Homeless Shelters and more recently Anti-homeless Legislation. Then there are always the staggering statistics. The homeless is a very one minded topic for most. Most people think that the homeless should be helped, cared for, and educated for success. This is true (at least

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Basketball In Basketball - 1701 Words

The college football playoffs are back and better than ever in year four.This year the two national semi-final games are on New Years Day at the Rose bowl game presented by Northwestern Mutual and at the Allstate sugar bowl. The four teams selected are Alabama (11-1,7-1) vs. Clemson (12-1,7-1) in the Sugar bowl and Georgia (12-1,7-1) vs. Oklahoma (12-1,8-1) in the Rose Bowl. These matchups will be decided by the elite players that play for them. The Sugar bowl will be all about elite quarterback play. Clemson quarterback Kelly Bryant, a 6-foot-4, 220-pound junior, dual-threat quarterback leads the team with 202.17 yards per game he also averages 10.98 yards per completion. As a quarterback, he ranks fifty-four in the country. Bryant alsoÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Another factor will be OklahomaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Big 12 style defense going up against Georgias SEC-style offense. 2003 was the last time Oklahoma played in the Rose Bowl. Oklahoma head football coach Lincoln Riley said Ã¢â‚¬Å"They (Georgia) are always a challenge. There are great defenses in that league (SEC). Auburn was tremendous last year and I have had a chance to see Georgia a little bit this year. Theyre tremendous. They have great athletes all over the field. Kirby (Smart, head coach Georgia) and his staff do such a great job defensively with their schemes and the way they attack you. Its go ing to be a challenge.Ã¢â‚¬ This is the Bulldogs first appearance in the Rose bowl game since 1943. Georgia is balanced on offense with a thousand yard rusher in Nick Chubb, and a 6-foot-2, 225-pound freshman quarterback in Jake Fromm with over 2000 passing yards. Fromm has handled himself this season, but now with the pressure of the playoff and the championship on the line, will this continue or will he falter? Georgia head football coach Kirby Smart said this on playing Mayfield, and if heShow MoreRelatedBasketball : The Game Of Basketball1521 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesThe game of basketball started in December 1891. Basketball was founded by a Canadian born instructor named James Naismith at the Young MenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Christian Association training school in Springfield, Massachusetts. The YMCA developed rules for the game which were later used in high schools, colleges, and settlement houses. The game grew bigger and popular in a lot of areas. Particularly in urban areas, where games were sponsored by schools, soc ial clubs, churches, and companies. Colleges sponsored tournamentsRead MoreIs Basketball A Better Basketball Player?1846 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 8 Pagesby the best basketball player ever. This is a meaningful quote showing that you get what you work for and earn. If someone works hard and puts in the work needed you will be rewarded, but others who just complain and about stuff and say they are getting any progress, they will not be harvesting the full reward. As for myself, I put in the work and tried hard to become a better basketball player and it has paid off. Basketball has yet to fail me. I have been to quite a few basketball camps throughoutRead MoreThe Basketball Type Game Of Basketball Essay1617 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pageseverywhere in between the game of Basketball is played. ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s played in the city parks of New York and the dusty plains of Africa, and the expensive designed courts of the NBA. The game is played wherever someone can get a ball, and a mounted ring-like object. Unlike other sports that require multiple people and a lot of equipment, Basketball only requires a Ball and the willingness to play. Through this speech you will learn about the history of basketball, rules of basketball, and how to play the basicRead MoreBasketball s Influence On Basketball1506 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesThe history behind basketball may appeal boring to some, but it is astounding as it is for the exhilaration of watching a professional player score a game-winning three-pointer or a half-court shot. The first official game of basketball occurred on January 20, 1892 in Springfi eld, Massachusetts (Faurschou). From what is now a popular sport worldwide started off with an interesting history, but the roots of basketball was full of individual challenges, each making the sport difficult to retain a publicRead MoreIs Basketball A State Basketball Game?886 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesHave you ever been to a State basketball game? Here let me explain to you what state basketball is like. First of all you walk into the gym, itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s huge! You see hundreds of people, youÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ve never see this many people in one room before. All you can smell is popcorn and hotdogs, which already excited you because who doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t love food? There is extremely loud Ã¢â‚¬Å"pump upÃ¢â‚¬ music playing, you canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t even hear what the person next to you is saying. It is by far one of the best experiences you will ever haveRead MoreWhy Basketball Helps You : Basketball852 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesWhy basketball helps you Basketball is a well-known sport that is played almost everywhere: at school, home, parks, and other places. Basketball is the easiest sport to play, and enjoy with friends. Basketball can help you reach your goals mentally by making you more aware of your surroundings and helping you be more alert of school assignment, other work outside of school, and physically by staying in shape by going to the gym and working out or by just running. Some explanations of how basketballRead MorePhysics of Basketball640 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 3 Pagestell you how physics applies to shooting a basketball. Shooting a basketball is a simple concept. All you do is align your feet towards the goal, put the ball in place, and then shoot; easy right? Not exactly, just because you do these steps does not mean you will get a perfect shot every time and make the basket. First, were going to start with setting the shot up with a dribble, most players can shoot off of the dribble. When dribbling a basketball a shooter releases the ball towards the floorRead More Basketball Essay1500 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pages Basketball Basketball was created a simple game. The primary objective was to place a ball, without dribbling, into a peach basket. However, like Darwins theory of man, basketball has evolved into the most exciting exhibition of athletic ability. Basketball has seen many rule changes, because of the increasing ability of the players. Basketball is a melting pot, where black, white, and European people excel. This is a sport that is color-blind. This sport requires complete control over ones bodyRead MoreBasketball and Soccer763 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagessports. Two of Americas most popular sports are basketball and soccer. Many children participate in the sports every year. Similarities are abundant between the two. Both sports require team work. Also the main purpose of both is to put a ball into a netted goal. However, there are some very important key differences. Soccer is played on a field that is much larger and there is a goalie that constantly defends the goal. While basketball is played on a smaller hardwood court with fewer playersRead MoreThe Evolution of Basketball779 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pages The Evolution of Basketball Basketball has been played over 100 years and it is one of the most widely played sports in the world. James A. Naismith started basketball in December 1891. He tried to make a sport that would be played between football and baseball seasons. It should be indoors, due to the weather. He made the rules on December 21, 1891. Naismith declined the name Naismith ball. A player suggested the name of basketball. Naismith wanted two square crates but

Friday, December 13, 2019

Safsdfdf Free Essays

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Motivation of the Leaders and the Followers

Question: Do you think any of these approaches are effective? In what situations might one approach be more effective than another? Answer: Motivation is required for performing efficient works at the workplaces. Both the leaders and the followers have to be highly motivated at their workplaces to perform well. In case of simply following the leaders in any aspect, the followers have to self motivated regarding the activities performed or said by the respective leaders. According to Verba (2015), motivation is a goal oriented characteristic which helps to achieve the objectives of person. Both the leaders and the followers should have some specific objectives and they should be aware about the objectives. Motivation is required for having the keen will to achieve the objectives. Leaders are the role model of the followers whose works motivate the followers. Therefore, the leaders have to be succeeded in their works or objectives. In this context, the leaders have to be self motivated; otherwise they will not be able to be succeeded in their works and to be effective leaders (Spillane, 2012). Leaders motivation has an important relationship with the behavior of the leaders and the management style. Self motivation is highly required for performing effective leadership activities in the workplaces. As per the opinion of Hargreaves Fink (2012), in order to be an effective leader, one must have to be self-motivated. Leaders have the responsibility of motivating the followers by their own activities. In this context, the motivation of the leaders is more effective one. The leaders must know their own identity and must have a strong urge for doing anything for achieving their goals or objectives. Once an individual become self-motivated, then only the person can motivate others and become an effective leader. In this context, the leaders should emphasize the followers to achieve their goals. In case of the workplace activities, the leaders should motivate the follower employees to understand the job responsibilities. The follower employees should also be motivated about their own responsibilities. The leaders have to be motivated to motivate their followers. Each of the organizations needs to use the employees to perform best and do some challenging jobs to achieve the organizational goals (Chemers, 2014). In this context, the leaders have the responsibility of give the understanding about the meaningful challenges of the workplace activities. The motivation factor of both the leaders and the followers are very important in the area of the team work. In this context, the actions of the leaders and decisions have high level of effect on the morale of the subordinates. Therefore, the leaders have to be highly motivated and conscious about the activities performed in the workplaces. Team spirit is the soul of any organization (Verba, 2015). Therefore, it can be concluded that the motivation of the leaders is more effective than the motivation of the followers as it is dependent on the motivation of the leaders. If the leaders are not motivated about their responsibilities, then the followers may not be motivated about their responsibilities. References: Chemers, M. (2014).An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press. Hargreaves, A., Fink, D. (2012).Sustainable leadership(Vol. 6). John Wiley Sons. Spillane, J. P. (2012).Distributed leadership(Vol. 4). John Wiley Sons. Verba, S. (2015).Small groups and political behavior: A study of leadership. Princeton University Press.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

AP US History Essays - International Relations, Foreign Relations

AP US History March 1, 1997 Period 4 Treaty of Versailles: Who was at fault for its denial? The Treaty of Versailles, which was a peace treaty that called for the end of World War 1(between Germany and the Allies), was defeated in the Senate by an unknown alliance of two forces. The two forces were President Wilson's ?all or nothing? attitude and the strong opponents of the Treaty in the Senate. William Borah (Sen, Idaho), one of the ?irreconcilables?, brings out a clear weakness in the Covenant of the League of Nations in his speech to the Senate. The weakness is that will any country really feel comfortable, or approve of, another country's government dealing with their domestic affairs and concerns, especially if they have an army to support whatever they decide. He also brings up a point that no one would approve of a tribunal, with 41 other nations in it, to settle a problem that might arise between members of the nation because what one nation sees a vital, another nation may see as wasteful, which might just lead to another World War. The League as he describes it is contradictorial in all that it is to accomplish (?force to destroy force, conflict to prevent conflict, militarism to destroy militarism, war to prevent war?) and it can't work like that because it has no authority to back up its own judgment. This goes against Wilson's idea of the League because he helped create it and it is a very important and big step to him in creating a worldwide government (Doc A) The Treaty as portrayed in The New Republic is useless, which is a strong reason it shouldn't be passed. It wasn't useless in the sense that it would officially end the war, but in a sense that it would not ?moralize nationalism?. The moralization of nationalism could be achieved by ending the separation of classes and ambitions that could only be enjoyed by some, not all, people in the country. According to the journalist the Treaty doesn't make even a bland attempt to solve these problems, and that it, in fact, promotes and heightens those differences of opinion between the nations. (Doc B) In a general speech given by Wilson, he provides that Article X, which morally bound the U.S. to aid any member of the League victimized by external aggression, is the ?inevitable, logical center to the whole system of the Covenant of the League of Nations?. Although he supports it, he feels he is not at fault if the Covenant isn't correct. On another separate occasion, Wilson defended that Article X morally, not legally, bound the U.S. to aiding other victimized nations, ergo the U.S. didn't have to help who they didn't want to help. Article X angered Congress because they wanted to reserve their constitutional right of declaring war to themselves. Article X also enraged the great- grandson of George Cabot, Henry Cabot Lodge (R, Idaho). He so disliked Article X that he made his own reservation to it, which provided that the U.S. has no obligation to get involved with the affairs of any other country. His reservation would later be turned down by Congress. (Doc C) Herbert Hoover correctly advises President Wilson to, in so many words, to hurry up and do something to approve the treaty in the Senate or it will never get passed. He gives this advice to President Wilson because he knows that Lodge is effectively using delay tactics, such as reading the whole 264- page treaty aloud to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, to divide and sway public opinion about the Treaty to his favor. Although he is pleased with the concern the government is giving to the treaty, he feels their could be improvements and if these improvements aren't quick in happening, then the very necessary public opinion of the Americans will start to go against the treaty because of the many ?wrongs imposed in the Treaty? and Lodge's active lobbyism. When popular public opinion goes, in most cases, so does the bill. (Doc D) The cartoon (Doc E) shows how the Republicans felt about not being involved in the peace proceedings in Paris. When Wilson went to Paris, his delegation included not a single Republican which greatly infuriated them. He did not even consult the Republican leadership in the Senate about the peace negotiations, which was also an insult to the Republicans. Among the leading Republicans was Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts, who was also

Monday, November 25, 2019

Free Essays on Accounting and Auditing Processes

Aretha Allen Accounting and Auditing Processes Revenue Recognition Policies The purpose of this paper is to compare the revenue recognition policies of two companies in the search, detection, navigation, guidance, and aeronautical systems industry. The two companies I have selected are Aero sonic Corporation, and Esco Electronics Company. Esco Electronics Company is engaged in the design, manufacture, sale and support of engineered products. These products are used principally in filtration/fluid flow applications, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing, and electric utility communications and control systems. The filtration/fluid flow and EMC testing products are supplied to a broad base of industrial and commercial customers worldwide. At the present time, electric utility communications systems are marketed primarily to customers in North America. The four primary industry segments of Esco are Filtration/Fluid Flow, Test, Communications, and other. In order for Esco to conform with generally accepted accounting principles, management must make careful estimates in preparing the financial statements. These estimates are for anticipated contract costs and revenues earned during the life of the contract. These amounts affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s financial statements. Actual results could differ from these numbers. Revenues are recognized on commercial sales when products are shipped or when services are performed. Revenue on production contracts are recorded when specific contract terms are fulfilled. These amounts are determined either by the units of production or delivery methods. Revenues from cost reimbursement contracts are recorded as costs are incurred, plus fees earned. Revenue under long-term contracts in which the previous two methods are inappropriate, the percentage-of-completion method is used. Revenue under engineering contracts are generally recognize... Free Essays on Accounting and Auditing Processes Free Essays on Accounting and Auditing Processes Aretha Allen Accounting and Auditing Processes Revenue Recognition Policies The purpose of this paper is to compare the revenue recognition policies of two companies in the search, detection, navigation, guidance, and aeronautical systems industry. The two companies I have selected are Aero sonic Corporation, and Esco Electronics Company. Esco Electronics Company is engaged in the design, manufacture, sale and support of engineered products. These products are used principally in filtration/fluid flow applications, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing, and electric utility communications and control systems. The filtration/fluid flow and EMC testing products are supplied to a broad base of industrial and commercial customers worldwide. At the present time, electric utility communications systems are marketed primarily to customers in North America. The four primary industry segments of Esco are Filtration/Fluid Flow, Test, Communications, and other. In order for Esco to conform with generally accepted accounting principles, management must make careful estimates in preparing the financial statements. These estimates are for anticipated contract costs and revenues earned during the life of the contract. These amounts affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s financial statements. Actual results could differ from these numbers. Revenues are recognized on commercial sales when products are shipped or when services are performed. Revenue on production contracts are recorded when specific contract terms are fulfilled. These amounts are determined either by the units of production or delivery methods. Revenues from cost reimbursement contracts are recorded as costs are incurred, plus fees earned. Revenue under long-term contracts in which the previous two methods are inappropriate, the percentage-of-completion method is used. Revenue under engineering contracts are generally recognize...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The reflection of the case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The reflection of the - Case Study Example This is one of the dilemmas facing Kamen and Segway entering into the market, and what the early investors in Credit Suisse and Perkins were also facing, investing close to $37 million each and for that getting only about seven percent of total equity. That meant they were valuing Segway very highly, while allowing Kamen to hold majority shares of the firm. It was an educated gamble and entails a lot of risk. The risk mitigation measures, such as the undertaking of formal and rigorous market research, were essentially not present in this case. The investors, and Kamen, had to go on faith that KamenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s intuitions are correct. One can argue that from the perspective of the market, there are many other unknowns too that make the Segway venture more complicated. There are the laws on the use of the Segway in public streets and the way they are to be regulated or not that add to the uncertainty of the success of the product. Moreover, there are unknowns too with regard to whether th ere are going to be oppositions from vested interests who may be adversely affected by the success of the Segway, including the traditional car manufacturers, and even the oil companies, whose sales and profits will be affected by the success of the new machine. One can expect that these vested interests will not take the introduction of the Segway and the threat to their livelihoods sitting down. Of course if the threat is real they have the motivation to block its success, by lobbying for the SegwayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s regulation for instance, and making it difficult for the Segway to gain access to roads. These and other vested interests will surely put up a fight. Then too, as the article notes, it is not clear at that point whether the market will warm up to the new vehicle, given that the American love affair with automobiles is deeply entrenched in the culture and is part of the American psyche, immortalized in art, in popular culture, in the movies, and in

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Effect of Sound Exposure on Oysters Research Proposal

Effect of Sound Exposure on Oysters - Research Proposal Example Due to the commercial nature of oysters, developing ways to improve their growth is very valuable. However, no association between sound waves, specifically the effect of high versus low intensity sounds, on the growth of the Pacific oyster have ever been studied. Sound exposure at high frequencies and intensities has been studied with respect to other plants, animals and fish, and the general conclusion is that sound has either no effect, or a positive effect on growth and survival upto a certain level. Specific Aim: The purpose of this research study is to determine the effect of increasing sound exposure (the intensity and frequency) on (1) the growth rate and (2) the survival of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Hypothesis: The working hypothesis is that increasing the intensity and frequency of sound exposure will cause a corresponding increase in the growth rate and survival of the oysters until a high level of sound intensity and frequency. Further, increasing the frequen cy and intensity of sound beyond that point will lead to either no further increase in growth, or cause a damaging effect and slow down their growth rate, or cause oysters to die. This study will be carried out by using oysters from an oyster farm. There will be 2 experiments involved, one will use oyster eggs and the other will use newly-formed larvae. This would be an experimental study using 6 groups of oyster eggs and larvae: 5 groups of eggs will be exposed to sound vibrations of increasing intensities and frequencies as follow: (1) 25 dB and 200 Hz, (2) 50 dB and 400 Hz, (3)75 dB and 600 Hz, (4)100 dB and 800 Hz, and (5)125 dB and 1000 Hz. The 6th will be exposed to no sounds (silence). Similarly, 6 groups of oyster larvae that are freshly spawned will be exposed to sound as detailed for eggs above. The total sample size of oysters would be 30 (5 in each group). 50 eggs will be used in each eggs group. Duration of the study would be 3 weeks, with the site as the local oyster f arm. Sub-aim (1) To determine the effect of increasing sound intensity and frequency on survival during the first stage of oyster life: hatching from eggs to larvae to form Ã¢â‚¬ËœspatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. For this experiment, oyster larvae will be used, as normally only a small percentage of eggs spawn into larvae, we will determine whether more larvae are spawned in the presence of sound. Sub-aim (2) To determine the effect of increasing sound intensity and frequency on oyster growth from the larvae stage to the juvenile form over a period of 3 weeks. This experiment will use larvae newly spawned, and the mass of larvae at the end of 3 weeks will be measured, with some larvae exposed to sound, others to silence. If the mass of larvae that were exposed to sound is greater than the group that was in silence, it would prove the study hypothesis. Sub-aim (3) To determine the optimum intensity and frequency of sound at which the highest oyster growth is seen. Sound exposure will be given using sou nd fields into the water, sound intensity of 25 dB, 50 dB, 75 dB, 100 dB and 125 dB, and corresponding frequencies of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 100 Hz will be given to oyster eggs and larvae in different groups, and the mass of oysters will be measured for each group at the end of the experiment. As each group of

Monday, November 18, 2019

Obesity In Infants Causes and Affects Research Paper

Obesity In Infants Causes and Affects - Research Paper Example In a journal published by the American Academy of Pediatrics researchers established that "childhood obesity may be caused factors that operate at the earliest stages of life," (Bagley, 2009). Fast foods and lack of physical activity may be the cause of obesity in many people, but it does not explain why "obesity in infants under 6 months has risen 73 percent since 1980", (Bagley, 2009). Babies certainly are not eating extra buttered popcorn at the movies, Big-Macs at MC Donald's or Sonic's milkshakes. Babies less than 6 months of age are drinking specially formulated baby formula or breast milk, and are just being introduced to baby foods at 6 months. So, what causes obesity in infants? Scientists believe that a number of factors may lead to obesity in infants. Not breast feeding, hormones inherited from parents, hormones that mother and child may have been exposed to through foods that were ingested during pregnancy, or exposure to toxins in commonly used household items like plast ic spoons and plates. Further, some items used to feed babies like their bottles may contain some small traces of toxins, which are ingested during feedings. Retha Newbold (Bagley, 2009), of The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in North Carolina believed that emerging evidence shows being overweight is not just the result of making poor food choices, or lack of activity, but that exposure to environmental chemicals during development maybe contributing to the obesity epidemic in America. There is no doubt that while a woman is pregnant exposure to harmful chemicals can cause serious illnesses that become more apparent years and even decades later. It is not far-fetched to believe that fetuses and infants can be predisposed to obesity through hormones and chemicals. In a study conducted by Newbold, lab mice were injected with normal or the same levels of estrogen as people are generally exposed to in the environment. The study showed that in six months the mice that were exposed to the estrogen was 20 percent heavier and had 36 percent more body fats than mice that were not exposed to the estrogen. Newbold was made sure that both the exposed and the controlled mice in the study were fed the same amounts of food and were exposed to the same amount of activity. These implications are huge, and this study shows that there is a direct correlation between some hormones and obesity in infants. Bruce Blumberg (Bagley, 2009), a scientist at the University of California, Irvine said "there is a correlation between obesity and a lot of things, and that finding a link between hormones/ chemicals didn't mean much (Born To Be Big, 2009)." However, later Blumberg conducted his on study to find out if any links exist between harmful chemicals and obesity in infants. In his research study Blumberg specifically tested a chemical called tributyltin, which is commonly found in pesticides, fungicides, marine paints and some plastic products. " In 2006 he fed pregnant mice tributyltin, and found that their offspring were born with more fat already stored, more fat cells, and became 5 to 20 percent fatter by adulthood," (Bagley, 2009). All these studies highlight that obesity is not just eating more calorific food or more energy intake but is also influenced by various environmental as well as genetic factors. It is of the foremost apprehension

Friday, November 15, 2019

Should Offshore Oil Drilling Be Allowed Environmental Sciences Essay

Should Offshore Oil Drilling Be Allowed Environmental Sciences Essay The time has come to put a stop to offshore drilling. Finding renewable resources and alternative energy can help put an end to drilling into our ocean floors and help us become an independent nation. There are an abundance of technological capabilities available in our world today and these should be pursued in depth to not only solve the current crisis, but also to ensure that the same tragedy does not occur again. The technology is here and the time is now. Renewable resources are resources that can be continually reproduced over a short period of time (Renewable Resources). Here are a few examples: wind energy generates electricity by using the wind, wave energy produces electricity by using the power of ocean waves, and bio energy uses biomass (plant materials, landfill or animal waste) to produce heat or electricity. One example of barriers that prevent us from obtaining renewable energy is utility rate structure. Unfavorable utility rate structures have perennially been a barrier to increased deployment of renewable energy technologies. Unless carefully monitored to encourage the development of distributed generation, rate structures can increase the cost of renewable energy (e.g., through stand-by rates, lack of net metering) or completely disallow connection to the electrical grid (EPA). Another difficulty that prevents us from attaining renewable energy is the complexity in obtaining environmental permits for major industrial facilities. Transmission is another concern that prevents us from having renewable resources available. Many renewable resources are located in remote areas that lack ready or cost effective access to allow for transmission to the user. The building of the Alaskan Pipeline cost eight billion dollars for eight hundred miles of pipeline (Thinkquest). It would be much more cost effective to drill for this oil in the ocean where the cost to transport the resource to the coastline and ultimately to the end user will be far less costly. Each year, the annual cost just to run this pipeline is roughly two hundred and ten billion dollars. In addition, the start-up costs alone are so immense that they are essentially unavailable. States that have not established clear utility regulations that enable investments in transmission to be reimbursable or coordinated planning and permitting processes, slow the development of utility scale renewable projects in their territory (EPA). The only problem with things like biofuels and solar energy is, ironically, they still need oil to get up and running. Solar panels require the use of oil during its production, and ethanol has to be processed using the very substance it is supposed to replace (Heigler). The benefits of offshore drilling certainly outweigh the dangers of extracting oil from deep-water drilling off the coast of the United States. Specifically, there are a couple of reasons that support our continued practice of offshore oil drilling. First, it will create jobs that are essential for our country and the economy to thrive as an independent nation. Allowing offshore drilling will also make us less dependent on foreign oil. Yes, our nation is addicted to oil. Another reason to drill is that it provides us with natural gas, alternative fuel and gas and oil that fuel our aircrafts, ships and homes. However, now we are in the twenty-first century and it is time to put our advanced technology to good use. Continuing to drill will create jobs; nevertheless, using alternative energy sources will also create jobs and help preserve our planet at the same time. Offshore drilling creates countless jobs that help sustain our economy. Our stable economy is achieved through a consistent and stable work force that allows our citizens to work and pay for their needs. This economic system of checks and balances perpetuates a stable economy for us all. Offshore drilling alone accounts for such a great number of these jobs; a system that relies on the combined efforts of such a vast array of occupational titles that the number of total jobs currently available is four-thousand, four hundred eleven in the United States alone (Careers). Some examples of jobs that are unique to this field of work are; Drilling Supervisor Jobs, Senior Drilling Engineer, Drilling Business Development Manager, and Field/Mechanical and Equipment Engineers (Careers). These occupations are so unique to this field of work that a myriad of trained oil workers have virtually no useful skill that can be easily transferred to another job. If the oil drilling workers lose their jobs, many would have to be retrained into another line of work since there are no alternative locations to move to for oil drilling work. One of the largest companies currently pursuing the development of oil and gas resources is British Petroleum. This company began as Anglo Persian Oil in the year 1909. In 1954, it became British Petroleum. This companys reach is worldwide. Its revenue in the United States is approximately two hundred forty-six billion, with ninety-two thousand employees (BP). Our reliance on the natural resource of oil and continuously increasing demand for it has driven us to seek out new locations to tap intothe coastal waters that surround the United States. This remarkable feat is one that must be mastered and performed without flaw. British Petroleum has successfully drilled for oil off the coastal waters of the United States for more than three decades, yet their recent tragedy is one that poses such a grave danger to our environment that the result may be irreversible damage to our entire ecosystem. It is not a good proposition to boycott British Petroleum because if that happens, the oil company will not be able to pay claims to the people who have lost everything in the Gulf of Mexico. A boycott would also affect the small business owners who own these stations and further cripple their livelihoods. The only connection these business owners have with British Petroleum is the contract to buy gasoline. To win back customers, theyd like British Petroleums help in reducing the price at the pump (Nola). The disaster in the Gulf of Mexico has damaged the ecosystem, an undetermined amount of land, ocean, animal species and plant life. The production of life that begins in the marshes is now laden with massive amounts of oil. The cycle of life that begins here will be suffocated by the oil and therefore cease to exist. The natural lifecycle of the many animals that reproduce in this region is greatly affected. Innumerable animal species are returning to the Gulf region to breed among the damaging plumes of oil that saturate this once vibrant ecological labyrinth. The newborn offspring will be immediately subject to the hazards of the oil-filled environment and incapable of escaping from it. The food needed to sustain the new life in this region will come from the oil tainted environment and be directly fed to the newborns. The oil that is then ingested can cause poisoning of wildlife. Animals on every level of the food chain are affected as each one feeds on another to continue the cycle of life. The animals that reside in the Gulf of Mexico, life-long inhabitants, each contribute to an immense ecosystem that make up the complex weave of life that, until now has thrived uninterrupted. Thus far, hundreds dead birds, sea turtles, dolphins, fish and starfish have washed up onto the shore. The collective damage to the animal life in this region may not be completely realized for many years. This disaster will permanently alter the lives of countless animals. The newborn animals are immediately subject to exposure of the oil-filled environment and incapable from escaping from it. The direct physical effects on the animals exposed to the oil are lethal. Exposure to the oil can cause animals to suffer impairment of their red blood cells. Further, damage to or suppression of marine mammals immune system can cause bacterial or fungal infections. Oil can also deteriorate the thermal insulation of the animals skin, thus damaging their reproductive system. Injury to the airway or lungs of marine mammals can cause congestion, pneumonia, emphysema, or death by breathing in droplets of oil, fumes or gas. The clean-up has been slow and it appears there is twice as much leakage as what can be cleaned up. British Petroleum is still trying to burn off the oil on the surface of the ocean which is then polluting the air. At this point, every regulatory authority and British Petroleum is not moving fast enough to clean this mess up. They have the technology and the dollars to do this. There is not much progress being made and it has been almost three months. Tar patties from the Gulf oil spill started washing ashore on Front Beach around noon on Monday, a day after the oil first made landfall on the Mississippi mainland in Jackson County (Al.com). Twenty billion will only make a dent in helping these residents regain control of their lives. This tragedy is a true example of what can happen when big business goes well beyond the unwarranted point of trying to cut costs. Their actions repeatedly support this statement. They are not paying the fishermen who are no longer able to work to support their families. They are not paying for mass groups of workers to be trained to assist with clean up, nor providing the few who have received the training briefing the proper respirators to wear. The jobs that were plentiful for residents along the Gulf of Mexico have all been lost recently due to the Federal Governments moratorium on all oil drilling, which was implemented in response to the Deep Water Horizon oil rig. Offshore drilling is one of the biggest sources of financial revenue for the population in and around this geographical region. Residents who have grown to rely exclusively on their steady income from oil drilling are rapidly experiencing such financial loss that their lives have become filled with financial uncertainty and their expectations for achieving employment remains in peril. From the highest paid engineer to the lowest man on the rig, the loss of countless jobs that once were plentiful when the oil was being actively drilled will have a negative impact on their lives as well as our economy. It will trickle down; the economy will get even worse, said Perry Clement, a local who serves as a deck hand on several fishing boats, and is struggling for incom e. Its the delicate balance we have, with the oil and the fishing (Marketwatch). This ban proposed to put a six month seize on all deep water oil drilling in the United States. This decision would stop any new permit approvals for deepwater drilling at more than thirty existing deepwater wells. In addition, the moratorium will further cripple the jobs for immeasurable other independent drillers, equipment makers, hardware stores, manufacturers, and transportation systems that provide direct and sustained support to the effort of drilling for oil. Even with a situation as grave as the Chernobyl accident, we did not halt the production of or rid the world of nuclear power. The governments decision to stop all drilling until we can find out the cause of the disaster and prevent further ones from occurring does not support our overall economy. Offshore drilling will always be a risk, but the nation must move forward and continue to make progress. Today, over eighty percent of world petroleum reserves are state-owned and controlled by countries that have the power to manipulate supply and price with impunity, this fact goes directly to the heart of energy security (Energy Independence). According to most forecasts, oil will remain the top global energy source for the next few decades, even with the ongoing development of natural gas, nuclear, and renewable resources. Today is day 70 of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill. The latest news is that a federal appeals court in New Orleans will hear the governments appeal of a ruling overturning the deepwater drilling ban in the Gulf of Mexico on July 8. The six-month moratorium was ordered in late May by the Barack Obamas administration after the Deepwater Horizon disaster. A group of offshore petroleum service companies sued, saying the moratorium would inflict long-term economic damage. A federal judge agreed with the companies and barred the government from enforcing the ban. British Petroleum and the Coast Guard sent oil-scooping skimming ships in the Gulf of Mexico back to shore because nasty weather is churning up rough seas and powerful winds. Although Tropical Storm Alex was projected to stay well away from the spill zone before possibly making landfall as a hurricane near the U.S.-Mexico border, its outer edges were causing problems out in the Gulf. Waves were as high as twelve feet Tuesday in some parts of the Gulf (AP). British Petroleum says it will give cash and other help to the owners, operators and suppliers of the gas stations around America that bear its name. They say they have been struggling because of boycotts prompted by the oil spill. John Kleine of the British Petroleum Amoco Marketers Association says outlets will get cash based on volume, with the rates being higher for outlets in the Gulf than for that elsewhere in the country (AP). They also will see reductions in credit card fees and get help with national advertising. While wildlife casualties are many, there were seventy-two pelicans released Tuesday, in Georgia and last week sixty-two pelicans were rehabilitated and released on the Texas coast. About fifty-thousand sea turtle eggs from beaches in the Florida Panhandle and Alabama will be dug up and moved to Floridas Atlantic Coast in hopes of keeping the hatchlings alive. Without this intervention, federal scientists believe, most, if not all, the hatchlings this year would be at high risk of encountering oil and dying. The Fish and Wildlife Service, National Marine Fisheries Service and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission recommended that the nests be collected near the end of incubation and taken to Floridas Atlantic Coast for final incubation and release. Hatchlings begin emerging from nests in early to mid-July (Straub). The production of life that begins in the marshes is now encumbered with massive amounts of oil. The cycle of life that begins here will be suffocated by the oil and therefore halt. Damage has been done to coral reefs, sea grass, and mangrove habitats which are breeding areas of many fish and crustaceans. This unique ecosystem is also home to many smaller species such as mussels, crabs, oysters, shrimp and plankton. The direct physical effects on the animals exposed to the oil are lethal. Exposure to the oil can cause animals to suffer impairment of their red blood cells. Further, damage to or suppression of marine mammals immune system can cause bacterial or fungal infections. Oil can also deteriorate the thermal insulation of the animals skin, thus damaging their reproductive system. Injury to the airway or lungs of marine mammals can cause congestion, pneumonia, emphysema, or death by breathing in droplets of oil, fumes or gas. Increasing demands for oil continue to multiply by the day. Extracting oil resources from land have proven costly and inappropriate due to the location and availability. Continued independence of our nation will be achieved through a decline in our reliance on foreign countries which will ultimately create jobs that sustain our economic future. British Petroleum has successfully drilled for oil off the coastal waters of the United States for more than three decades, yet their recent tragedy is one that poses such a grave danger to our environment that the result may be irreversible damage to our entire ecosystem. British Petroleums CEO been transparent in revealing his true feelings about this disaster on numerous occasions. Recently, he stated that we care about the small people. Are the small people he refers to the entrepreneurs who are independently wealthy because they work in harmony with nature, providing a precious food commodity to thousands without ever impeding the natural cycle of life for over a century? He also stated that nobody wants this thing to be over with more than him because he wants his life back. I am certain that the eleven men that died on his oil rig want their lives back.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

capital punishment Essay -- essays research papers

Australia Changes its Position on the Death Penalty On 16 February 2003 the Australian PM said in a Sunday morning television interview that the Bali bombers Ã¢â‚¬Å"should be dealt with in accordance with Indonesian law. Ã¢â‚¬ ¦and if [the death penalty] is what the law of Indonesia provides, well, that is how things should proceed. There wonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t be any protest from AustraliaÃ¢â‚¬ .[1] In early March 2003 the PM told US television that he would welcome the death penalty for Osama Bin Laden. Ã¢â‚¬Å"I think everybody wouldÃ¢â‚¬ , Mr Howard said.[2] In response to these comments: "Foreign Minister Alexander Downer said Australia would not intervene if bin Laden was to be executed. 'I personsally have never supported the death penalty buit int he case of Osama bin Laden, I don't think that too many years would be shed if he was executed, bearing in mind all the people he's responsible for killing." [3] These comments mark a significant change in AustraliaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s attitude to the death penalty and a further weakening of AustraliaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s commitment to international human rights standards. AustraliaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s longstanding position Australia has traditionally taken a strong principled stand against capital punishment. In 1986 diplomatic relations with Malaysia were strained when Australia protested the execution of two Australians, Kevin Barlow and Brian Chambers. The then Australian Prime Minister, Bob Hawke, went so far as to describe the death penalty as Ã¢â‚¬Å"barbaricÃ¢â‚¬ . In October 1990 Australia acceded to the Second Opt...